近年来，中国政府对海外批评者的跨境镇压行为日益引发国际社会的关注和谴责。其中，威胁在华亲属已成为当局施压海外异议人士的主要手段。这一策略不仅侵犯了基本人权，也对全球华人社区造成了深远影响。
In recent years, the Chinese government's transnational repression of overseas critics has increasingly drawn international attention and condemnation. One of its primary tactics is threatening the relatives of dissidents still residing in China. This strategy not only violates fundamental human rights but also has profound effects on Chinese communities worldwide.

跨境镇压的手段与案例

Methods and Cases of Transnational Repression

中国政府对海外批评者的打压手段多样，其中最常见的是通过威胁其在中国境内的家人，迫使他们噤声或改变立场。总部位于华盛顿的人权组织“自由之家”在其报告中指出，中国在跨国镇压方面位居全球首位，施加压力并企图控制海外华人和流亡少数民族社区成员，其程度超过任何国家。
The Chinese government employs various tactics to suppress critics abroad, the most common being threats against their family members in China, coercing them into silence or submission. The Washington-based human rights organization "Freedom House" has reported that China ranks as the world's leading perpetrator of transnational repression, using intimidation and pressure to control overseas Chinese and exiled minority communities more than any other country.

以生活在美国加州的异议人士陶哥为例，他因在海外公开批评中国政府，其在中国的家人多次受到警方骚扰和威胁。警方要求陶哥删除其在海外社交媒体上的言论，否则将对其家人采取限制出境等措施。陶哥表示，尽管家人受到牵连，他仍坚持自己的立场，不会屈服于压力。
For example, Tao Ge, a dissident living in California, has publicly criticized the Chinese government, leading to repeated police harassment and threats against his family in China. Authorities warned his relatives that unless he removed his social media posts abroad, they would face travel restrictions and other punitive measures. Despite the risks to his family, Tao Ge remains steadfast in his beliefs and refuses to comply.

类似的情况也发生在旅居日本的中国异议人士身上。人权观察组织在2024年10月发布的一份报告指出，中国政府试图恐吓移居日本后参与批评当局活动的人士，手段主要是威胁其在华亲属。
Similar incidents have also been reported among Chinese dissidents residing in Japan. In an October 2024 report, Human Rights Watch highlighted China's attempts to intimidate individuals who have moved to Japan and engaged in political activism by threatening their family members back in China.

报告中提到，来自新疆、西藏和内蒙古等地的旅日人士及其国内家人，因参与被视为“政治敏感”的活动，遭到中国当局的骚扰和威胁。其中，来自内蒙古的活动人士阿日查（Archa Govrud）表示，最近一名疑似中国官员的人曾到访他在日本神户的住所，声称要送礼物。几天后，内蒙古安全局人员又前往他在中国的父母家中，表示已向他在日本的住处送了礼物，并希望与他直接对话。这种情况让他感到极大的恐惧，并质疑中国当局如何获取他的日本住址。
The report detailed how Chinese nationals from Xinjiang, Tibet, and Inner Mongolia, along with their families in China, have been harassed and threatened for engaging in activities deemed "politically sensitive." One such case involves Archa Govrud, an activist from Inner Mongolia now living in Kobe, Japan. He reported that a suspected Chinese official recently visited his residence, claiming to deliver a gift. Days later, Inner Mongolian security officers visited his parents in China, informing them that they had sent a package to Archa's Japanese address and wanted to speak with him. This experience left him deeply unsettled and concerned about how Chinese authorities obtained his Japanese residence details.

香港特区政府也被指通过威胁在港亲属的方式，打压海外的批评者。据报道，香港警方曾传唤流亡英国的民主活动人士钟剑华的家人和前同事，要求他们协助调查。钟剑华因被指控违反香港国安法而被通缉，他的家人和朋友在香港受到警方的骚扰和威胁。
The Hong Kong government has also been accused of using similar tactics to suppress critics abroad by targeting their relatives. Reports indicate that Hong Kong police summoned the family members and former colleagues of Chung Kin-wah, a pro-democracy activist now in exile in the UK, demanding their cooperation in an investigation. Chung has been placed on a wanted list for allegedly violating the National Security Law, and his family and friends in Hong Kong have been subjected to police harassment and intimidation.

国际社会的反应与应对

International Response and Countermeasures

面对中国政府日益猖獗的跨境镇压行为，国际社会开始采取措施予以应对。英国政府成立了“保卫民主特别工作组”，以抵御包括跨国镇压在内的外国威胁。美国政府则对相关肇事者提出刑事起诉，并警告外国外交官不得骚扰或威胁在美人士。
As China's transnational repression grows increasingly aggressive, the international community has begun responding with countermeasures. The UK government has established a "Taskforce to Defend Democracy" to combat foreign threats, including transnational repression. Meanwhile, the US government has pursued criminal charges against individuals involved and issued warnings to foreign diplomats against harassing or intimidating individuals on American soil.

在日本，人权观察组织建议政府应正视中国政府镇压海外公民所造成的威胁，并为居住在日本的相关人士设立投诉机制，以协助保护他们的基本权利。报告还指出，日本应与其他国家及联合国机构协调，保护处于危险中的人士。
In Japan, Human Rights Watch has urged the government to acknowledge the threats posed by China’s repression of overseas citizens and to establish reporting mechanisms to protect affected individuals. The report also emphasized that Japan should collaborate with other nations and UN agencies to safeguard those at risk.

此外，美国司法部门也对参与跨境镇压的人员采取法律行动。2024年，一名名叫朱勇的中国退休人员因协助中国政府迫使一名前官员返回中国而在美国被判处两年监禁。此案凸显了美国对中国跨国镇压行为的关注和打击力度。
Additionally, the US Department of Justice has prosecuted individuals involved in transnational repression. In 2024, Zhu Yong, a retired Chinese official, was sentenced to two years in prison in the United States for assisting the Chinese government in coercing a former official to return to China. This case highlights the US’s commitment to countering China’s transnational repression.

中国政府通过威胁在华亲属等手段，对海外批评者实施跨境镇压，严重侵犯了基本人权和言论自由。国际社会应加强合作，采取更有力的措施，制止此类行为，保护全球华人社区的安全与自由。
By leveraging threats against family members in China, the Chinese government continues to engage in transnational repression, severely violating human rights and freedom of speech. The international community must collaborate more effectively to counter these actions and ensure the safety and freedom of Chinese communities worldwide.

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