台北 — Taipei
人权观察(Human Rights Watch)组织在星期一(2月3日)发布的一份新报告中指出，中国政府继续对寻求出国旅行或探望居住在新疆的家人的维吾尔人实施严格控制，这家总部位于纽约的人权组织补充说，这些措施侵犯了他们的行动自由。
Human Rights Watch (HRW) released a new report on Monday (February 3), stating that the Chinese government continues to impose strict controls on Uyghurs seeking to travel abroad or visit family members residing in Xinjiang. The New York-based human rights organization added that these measures violate their freedom of movement.
虽然维吾尔人被允许申请护照并与家人短暂团聚，与2016年以来大规模没收维吾尔人护照相比略有改善，但“中国政府继续剥夺维吾尔人出国的权利，限制他们在国外时的言论和交往，并因与外国有联系而惩罚他们，”人权观察中国研究员亚力坤・乌鲁尧勒(Yalkun Uluyol)说。
Although Uyghurs are allowed to apply for passports and reunite briefly with their families—an improvement compared to the mass passport confiscations since 2016—"the Chinese government continues to deprive Uyghurs of the right to travel abroad, restrict their speech and interactions while overseas, and punish them for having foreign connections," said Yalkun Uluyol, a China researcher at Human Rights Watch.
乌鲁尧勒告诉美国之音(VOA)，北京利用旅行限制来维持对国内外维吾尔人社区的控制，并试图在新疆树立“一切正常的公众形象”。
Uluyol told Voice of America (VOA) that Beijing uses travel restrictions to maintain control over Uyghur communities both domestically and abroad while attempting to project a "sense of normalcy" in Xinjiang.
据国际特赦组织(Amnesty International)称，自2017年以来，中国已将100多万维吾尔人关进拘留营。2022年，联合国人权事务高级专员表示，北京对新疆少数民族的待遇可能构成“危害人类罪”。
According to Amnesty International, since 2017, China has detained over one million Uyghurs in camps. In 2022, the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights stated that Beijing’s treatment of ethnic minorities in Xinjiang could constitute "crimes against humanity."
特朗普的上一届政府和前总统乔·拜登(Joe Biden)的政府都对中国对待维吾尔人的方式表示关切，并将新疆发生的事情定性为种族灭绝和危害人类罪。
Both the Trump administration and former President Joe Biden's administration have expressed concerns over China’s treatment of Uyghurs, classifying the events in Xinjiang as genocide and crimes against humanity.
美国国务卿马尔科·卢比奥(Marco Rubio)在担任参议员期间是推动《防止强迫维吾尔人劳动法》(Uyghur Forced Labor Prevention Act)通过和实施的主要人物之一。
U.S. Secretary of State Marco Rubio, during his tenure as a senator, was a key figure in promoting the passage and implementation of the Uyghur Forced Labor Prevention Act.
根据人权观察的报告，在中国的维吾尔人需要向新疆当局提供详细信息，包括他们的旅行目的，或在国外的家庭成员的个人信息。
According to the HRW report, Uyghurs in China must provide detailed information to Xinjiang authorities, including the purpose of their travel and personal details of family members abroad.
获准出国的人必须避免参与政治活动，并必须在规定时间内返回中国，通常是几天到几个月的时间。
Those permitted to travel abroad must avoid engaging in political activities and return to China within a specified timeframe, typically ranging from a few days to several months.
人权观察在报告中说，一些维吾尔人表示，地方“当局告诉他们，在同一个时间段，每个家庭只能有‘一人’出行，(而其他人)表示当局还要求他们在获准出行之前提供‘担保人’”，并补充说，不遵守限制可能会导致其家人或担保人受到严厉惩罚。
HRW’s report states that some Uyghurs have been told by local authorities that only "one person per family" can travel at a time. Others reported that they were required to provide a "guarantor" before being allowed to leave. Failure to comply could result in severe punishment for their family members or guarantors.
在旅行期间，维吾尔人必须定期向中国的一名指定官员报告，回国后，当局将收上他们的护照。
During their travels, Uyghurs must regularly report to a designated Chinese official. Upon their return, authorities confiscate their passports.
“我父亲回国后，居委会、当地派出所和公安局的官员都来找他。他们询问他见了谁、去了哪里、和别人说了什么”，一位不愿透露姓名的维吾尔人告诉人权观察。
"My father was visited by officials from the neighborhood committee, the local police station, and the public security bureau after he returned home. They asked him who he had met, where he had been, and what he had talked about," an anonymous Uyghur told HRW.
除了对寻求出国旅行的维吾尔人进行严格控制外，中国政府还对希望与新疆家人团聚的海外维吾尔人施加了严格的条件。
In addition to tightly controlling Uyghurs seeking to travel abroad, the Chinese government imposes strict conditions on overseas Uyghurs who wish to reunite with their families in Xinjiang.
根据这份报告，持有外国护照的维吾尔人需要经过严格的审查程序才能获得新疆地方当局的批准。一旦他们进入中国，这些维吾尔人就会受到反复盘问，并且只能住在酒店，而不能住在亲属家中。
According to the report, Uyghurs with foreign passports must undergo a rigorous vetting process to gain approval from local authorities in Xinjiang. Once in China, they are subjected to repeated interrogations and are only allowed to stay in hotels rather than with their relatives.
在某些情况下，中国大使馆会告诉一些海外维吾尔人参加当地共产党宣传部门组织的新疆官方旅游。
In some cases, Chinese embassies instruct overseas Uyghurs to participate in state-organized Xinjiang tours led by the Communist Party's propaganda department.
中国驻美国大使馆在回答美国之音的询问时表示，“新疆从来没有限制过包括维吾尔族在内的各族群众的出行自由。”
The Chinese Embassy in the United States responded to VOA's inquiry, stating, "Xinjiang has never restricted the travel freedom of people of all ethnic groups, including Uyghurs."
自2022年以来，中国政府已组织外国代表多次前往新疆。
Since 2022, the Chinese government has organized multiple visits to Xinjiang for foreign delegations.
由于中国可能会继续对维吾尔人实施旅行限制，乌鲁尧勒表示，外国应“保护公民和居民”免受北京的威胁，而联合国等国际机构应努力优先考虑这些挑战并在国际层面予以解决。
As China may continue imposing travel restrictions on Uyghurs, Uluyol stated that foreign governments should "protect their citizens and residents" from Beijing’s threats, while international organizations like the UN should prioritize addressing these challenges at a global level.
