人权组织“人权观察”(Human Rights Watch)近日发布《2025世界人权报告》，指出中国政府在过去一年内继续大规模、有计划地打压人权。报告强调，中国全国范围内的人权状况持续恶化，西藏、新疆维吾尔族地区的镇压尤为严厉，而香港的基本自由则进一步被剥夺。
Human Rights Watch recently released the 2025 World Report, highlighting that the Chinese government has continued its large-scale, systematic crackdown on human rights over the past year. The report emphasizes that the human rights situation across China has continued to deteriorate, with particularly severe repression in Tibet and the Xinjiang Uyghur region, and further erosion of basic freedoms in Hong Kong.

《2025世界人权报告》是人权观察第35份同类报告。在关于中国的部分，报告指出，在习近平领导下，中国政府试图全面集中权力，导致全国缺乏独立公民社会和基本自由，包括言论、结社、集会和宗教自由。人权捍卫者与批评政府的个人持续遭到迫害，尤其是藏族和维吾尔族等被视为威胁的少数群体。数十万维吾尔人仍被任意拘留。香港方面，长期受保护的公民自由也被全面侵蚀。
The 2025 World Report is the 35th such report by Human Rights Watch. In the section on China, the report states that under Xi Jinping's leadership, the Chinese government has sought to consolidate power comprehensively, leading to a lack of independent civil society and fundamental freedoms, including freedom of speech, association, assembly, and religion. Human rights defenders and individuals who criticize the government continue to face persecution, especially minority groups such as Tibetans and Uyghurs, seen as threats. Hundreds of thousands of Uyghurs are still being arbitrarily detained. In Hong Kong, long-protected civil liberties have been comprehensively eroded.

人权观察中国部副主任王松莲说，从言论自由到宗教自由，中国政府在整个2024年持续对全国实施紧密压制。
Wang Songlian, Deputy Director of Human Rights Watch's China Division, said that from freedom of speech to religious freedom, the Chinese government has maintained a tight grip on the country throughout 2024.

她说：“中国政府制定更严厉的侵犯人权法律，监禁批评者和维权人士，同时使全国各地报导政府人权侵犯变得难上加难。”
She said, "The Chinese government has enacted more stringent laws that violate human rights, imprisoning critics and human rights defenders, while making it more difficult to report on human rights violations across the country."

人权捍卫者被持续监禁

Human Rights Defenders Continue to Be Imprisoned

报告列出大量中国打压人权的事例，去年2月中国政府修订《保守国家秘密法》，实施条例亦于7月修订公布，该法例的适用范围原本已经被视为过宽，在修订后更加扩大，某些以往受到容忍的话题，例如批评经济政策亦被划入禁区。
The report lists numerous instances of China's crackdown on human rights, including the revision of the "State Secrets Law" in February, followed by the revision of its implementation rules in July. The law's scope, which was already considered overly broad, was further expanded after the revision, with previously tolerated topics, such as criticizing economic policies, now being banned.

中国政府持续监禁人权捍卫者。去年5月，因报导新冠疫情坐牢四年的公民记者张展获释放，但在8月底，她再次被拘留，并于11月以“寻衅滋事罪”正式逮捕。
The Chinese government continues to imprison human rights defenders. In May, citizen journalist Zhang Zhan, who had been imprisoned for four years for reporting on the COVID-19 pandemic, was released, but in August she was detained again and formally arrested in November on charges of "picking quarrels and provoking trouble."

因推动 #MeToo运动被控“煽动颠覆国家政权”的女性主义记者黄雪琴，以及工运人士王建兵，在去年六月分别被判处五年和三年六个月徒刑。
Feminist journalist Huang Xueqin, who was involved in the #MeToo movement, and labor activist Wang Jianbing were each sentenced to five years and three and a half years in prison, respectively, in June of the previous year, on charges of "inciting to subvert state power."

在去年10月，人权律师余文生和人权活动者许艶夫妇在会晤欧盟访华团途中被捕。
In October of the previous year, human rights lawyer Yu Wensheng and human rights activist Xu Yan, a couple, were arrested while meeting with an EU delegation visiting China.

打压宗教及性小众

Crackdown on Religion and Sexual Minorities

在宗教方面，警方例行逮捕、拘留和骚扰各种被当局指称“非法”的宗教团体的领袖和成员，干扰他们的和平活动。在去年7月，仁爱归正教会长老张春雷被控“煽动颠覆国家政权罪”和“诈骗罪”被判刑五年。
Regarding religion, the police routinely arrest, detain, and harass leaders and members of religious groups labeled as "illegal" by the authorities, interfering with their peaceful activities. In July of the previous year, Zhang Chunlei, an elder of the Ren'ai Reformed Church, was sentenced to five years in prison on charges of "inciting to subvert state power" and "fraud."

中国政府希望提升生育率，但对象只限于已婚异性恋夫妻。在一件里程碑案件中，化名徐枣枣的女性为争取冻存卵子上诉二审，被北京法院驳回，单身女性生殖权利大受打击。
The Chinese government aims to increase birth rates, but the policy applies only to married heterosexual couples. In a landmark case, a woman, using the pseudonym Xu Zaizao, appealed to the court to preserve her eggs, but her request was rejected by the Beijing court in the second trial, significantly impacting the reproductive rights of single women.

中国持续打压LGBT人士，LGBT空间和倡议团体也纷遭关闭。去年1月，微博审查跨性别名人金星支持LGBT权利的照片和影片。
China continues to crack down on LGBT individuals, and LGBT spaces and advocacy groups have been shut down. In January of the previous year, Weibo censored photos and videos of transgender celebrity Jin Xing supporting LGBT rights.

去年8月，北京法院的一件监护权判决成为中国首例在法律上认可儿童有两个母亲。然而，化名迪迪的原告被限制不得探视两名子女之一，理由是她并非生母且两人不存在基因联系。
In August, a Beijing court made a ruling on child custody that became China's first legal recognition of a child having two mothers. However, the plaintiff, using the pseudonym Didi, was restricted from visiting one of her two children, on the grounds that she was not the biological mother and there was no genetic connection between them.

西藏新疆情况恶劣

Severe Conditions in Tibet and Xinjiang

藏族地区资讯被严格控制，民众常因为在网络发布违法内容或与中国境外藏人联系被捕，相关犯罪可导致被数年监禁。去年2月至3月，四川省德格县数百名僧人和村民据报因抗议水电站工程将淹没多座古刹和藏族村庄而被拘捕。
Information in Tibetan regions is strictly controlled, and people are often arrested for posting illegal content online or for contacting Tibetans outside China, with such offenses leading to years of imprisonment. Between February and March of the previous year, hundreds of monks and villagers in Dege County, Sichuan Province, were reported to have been detained for protesting the construction of a hydroelectric project that would submerge several ancient monasteries and Tibetan villages.

在新疆，数十万维吾尔人仍被任意拘留监禁并遭虐待。去年8月，联合国人权事务高级专员办事处报告指出，联合国2022年报告所记录的“许多有问题的法律和政策”仍在照常实施。
In Xinjiang, hundreds of thousands of Uyghurs continue to be arbitrarily detained and subjected to abuse. In August, the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights' office reported that "many problematic laws and policies" documented in the UN's 2022 report remain in force.

人权观察的一份报告发现，全球汽车品牌因铝品供应链而曝露于维吾尔强迫劳动的风险正在增高。愈来愈多其他研究也显示，维吾尔强迫劳动正在玷污全球多种产业，包括太阳能板、汽车、成衣、海产和关键矿物。
A report by Human Rights Watch found that global car brands are increasingly exposed to risks of Uyghur forced labor through the aluminum supply chain. Other studies have shown that Uyghur forced labor is tainting multiple global industries, including solar panels, automobiles, clothing, seafood, and critical minerals.

香港自由严重受损

Severe Erosion of Freedom in Hong Kong

香港去年3月通过《维护国家安全条例》，将和平活动定为刑事犯罪，扩张警察权限，并削弱正当程序权利，包括剥夺政治犯以行为良好获提前释放的权利。
In March of the previous year, Hong Kong passed the National Security Law, making peaceful activities a criminal offense, expanding police powers, and undermining due process rights, including denying political prisoners the right to early release for good behavior.

去年9月，香港政府拒绝一名美联社摄影记者延长签证和入境，这名记者曾拍摄壹传媒创办人黎智英在狱中的照片。
In September, the Hong Kong government denied a visa extension and entry to an Associated Press photographer who had taken photos of Apple Daily founder Jimmy Lai in prison.

海外中国人亦受影响

Overseas Chinese Also Affected

中国政府加强资讯控制也影响海外，收集中国各地消息与影片、在其X帐号转发的“李老师”表示，他在意大利侨居地遭到骚扰，同时他在中国境内的多名追踪者也被中国警方约谈。
The Chinese government's enhanced information control also affects overseas Chinese. "Teacher Li," who collects news and videos from various regions of China and shares them on his X account, reported being harassed in his home in Italy, while several of his followers within China were summoned by Chinese police.

人权观察表示，中国政府应立即释放维吾尔族和其他遭不当监禁者，撤销香港的两部国家安全法律，允许独立观察员访问西藏和新疆，并释放全国各地在押人权捍卫者。
Human Rights Watch calls on the Chinese government to immediately release Uyghurs and others who have been unjustly imprisoned, revoke the two National Security Laws in Hong Kong, allow independent observers to access Tibet and Xinjiang, and release human rights defenders detained across the country.

人权观察还批评外国政府明知中国政府人权纪录不断恶化，但并未就此与之对抗。
Human Rights Watch also criticized foreign governments for failing to confront China despite being aware of the worsening human rights record of the Chinese government.

人权观察执行长哈桑(Tirana Hassan)说，人权得到保障之日，即是人性繁盛之时。她说：“一旦人权遭到剥夺，其代价不是以抽象的原则，而是以人的生命来衡量。它是我们这个时代的挑战，也是机会。”
Human Rights Watch Executive Director Tirana Hassan stated, "The day human rights are safeguarded is the day humanity thrives." She said, "When human rights are deprived, the cost is not measured by abstract principles but by human lives. This is the challenge of our time, and also the opportunity."